Abstract
Mechanical trauma of flow blood has been studied sporadically over the past 40 years. The most often studied aspect of the blood trauma problem is shear-induced hemolysis. The two parameters that investigators mainly employ to characterize blood trauma is shear stress and exposure time. Bioengineering has only recently begun to fully reap potential benefits gained from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology. For example, theories of blood damage have only recently shed their 1960s vintage. Increasingly, new efforts are being undertaken to modernize blood damage theory via applications of micro-fluid flow knowledge available from CFD. The purpose of this work is to present a comprehensive survey of CFD-based blood damage modeling from its earliest applications in the 1990s to the present day. Blood damage models including hemolysis, platelet activation, and thrombogenesis models are objectively discussed and critiqued. Selected results from each category are presented from the perspectives of biomedical device evaluation and design optimization. Future directions of next-generation blood damage models and their potential applications are forecast.
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