Abstract
A metabonomics method using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HNMR) was applied to obtain a systematic view of the development and progression of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), 26 and 34 characteristic resonances were found respectively in urine and plasma of ovariectomized rats (Variable importance, VIP value ≥1.0), and the significant altered metabolites identified in the plasma and urine were 10 and 9, respectively. Changes in these metabolites were related to the pathways of lipid, energy and amino acid metabolism, some of which involved the oxidative system. The described method was also used to analyze the therapeutic effects of Er-Xian Decoction (EXD), a traditional Chinese medicine widely used in the clinical treatment of osteoporosis in China. The results showed that EXD administration could provide satisfactory effects on osteoporosis through partially regulating the perturbed pathways of lipid, energy and amino acid metabolism and improving the anti-oxidative ability.
Highlights
Postmenopausal osteoporosis, which is believed to be associated with ovarian hormone deficiency, is by far the most common cause of age-related bone loss [1]
Ovariectomy induced a decrease in serum E2, and Er-Xian Decoction (EXD) treatment improved E2 level compared with the OVX model group
Our results showed that ovariectomy induced high bone turnover in rats, the femur Bone mineral density (BMD) significantly decreased after 12 weeks of ovariectomy compared with sham rats, while serum alkaline phosphates (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acidic phosphates (TRAP) levels significantly increased
Summary
Postmenopausal osteoporosis, which is believed to be associated with ovarian hormone deficiency, is by far the most common cause of age-related bone loss [1]. Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal or ovariectomized women may cause changes in many physiological processes, leading to occurrences of cardiovascular disease, obesity, osteoporosis and alteration of metabolites in blood and urine. A HNMR-based metabonomic strategy was applied to find changed metabolites in urine and blood of osteoporotic ovariectomized rats with the purpose of gaining insights into the pathological process of postmenopausal osteoporosis. This is the first study to investigate possible reverse effects of EXD and explore its action mechanism using a metabonomic approach
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