A 19.5 dBm Power Amplifier with Highly Accurate 8-bit Power Controlling for Automotive Radar Applications in a 28 nm CMOS Technology

Abstract

A 19.5 dBm power amplifier (PA) with a fine power step-size of 0.5 dB for an output power from 5 dBm to 19.5 dBm is designed and implemented in an advanced CMOS technology. This accurate power controlling is achieved by using an 8-bit digitally controlled current source and this ensures also a stable power controlling over the temperature and supply range with a 29 dB dynamic range. The implemented three-stage PA with a device stacking technique has a maximum small signal gain of 43 dB and delivers a maximum saturated output power of 19.5 dBm at 25 °C and 18.5 dBm at 125 °C. The PA core has an area of 0.053 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and consumes 290 mA including all on-chip biasing circuits from a single 2.1 V power supply. To the best of authors' knowledge, the achieved maximum output power and also the power step-size are record values in advanced bulk CMOS technologies without power combining.