Abstract
BackgroundThe present retrospective study on urinary stone disease in the Uttarakhand state was necessitated as no study has been done yet.MethodsA 13 year retrospective study (from 2005 to 2018) was conducted on the urinary stones removed from the patients, admitted at Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun. The incidence of the disease, site of stones in urinary tract upon diagnosis, composition of removed stones and occurrence of a possible co-relationship between the incidence of the urinary stone disease at different times, age, sex, religion of the patients was investigated.ResultsThe frequency of occurrence of urinary stones in males was found to be almost three times more as compared to their female counterparts. The above trend was consistent over the entire period of the study. Interestingly, in the Muslim and Sikh population of the area, females were found to be less prone to the problem as compared to their Hindu counterparts. However, in all religious groups, 21-40 years old subjects were found to be most susceptible to the problem and approximately 90% of the urinary stones were recovered from the kidneys and primarily composed of calcium oxalate.ConclusionThe co-relationship between the occurrence of urinary stones with age, sex of the patients, their religion & site of stones on diagnosis was found to be statistically significant.
Highlights
During the last 30 years, a significant increase in the frequency of occurrence of urinary stone disease in the world’s population has been reported [1].The increase in this trend of urinary stones disease has been attributed to the changes in the life styles of the people and the environment, in addition to the indiscriminate use of medicines by self-medication [2]
In all religious groups, 21-40 years old subjects were found to be most susceptible to the problem and approximately 90% of the urinary stones were recovered from the kidneys and primarily composed of calcium oxalate
Location of renal stones in the urinary tract Table-4 shows out of 328 urinary stones obtained from the male patients, 273, 38, 3, 5, 4 and 5 stones were recovered from the kidneys, ureters, urethra, bladder, uretero-vesical junction (UVJ) and pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) respectively
Summary
During the last 30 years, a significant increase in the frequency of occurrence of urinary stone disease in the world’s population has been reported [1].The increase in this trend of urinary stones disease has been attributed to the changes in the life styles of the people and the environment, in addition to the indiscriminate use of medicines by self-medication [2]. The problem gets further complicated by its high frequency of recurrence, which is reported to be 35, 74 and 98 percent between 1-3, 1-10 and 125 years respectively [4].The frequency of occurrence of urolithiasis has been shown to vary from country to country, region to region, between races, sexes and the age of the patients[5]. 15 percent of the Indian population has been reported to be affected by this disease The occurrence of this problem was found to be highest in the Northern, Western and Central regions of the country. The incidence of the disease, site of stones in urinary tract upon diagnosis, composition of removed stones and occurrence of a possible co-relationship between the incidence of the urinary stone disease at different times, age, sex, religion of the patients was investigated.
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