Abstract
BackgroundVitamin D concentrations are linked to body composition indices, particularly body fat mass. Relationships between hypovitaminosis D and obesity, described by both BMI and waist circumference, have been mentioned. We have investigated the effect of a 12-week vitamin D3 supplementation on anthropometric indices in healthy overweight and obese women.MethodsIn a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial, seventy-seven participants (age 38±8.1 years, BMI 29.8±4.1 kg/m2) were randomly allocated into two groups: vitamin D (25 μg per day as cholecalciferol) and placebo (25 μg per day as lactose) for 12 weeks. Body weight, height, waist, hip, fat mass, 25(OH) D, iPTH, and dietary intakes were measured before and after the intervention.ResultsSerum 25(OH)D significantly increased in the vitamin D group compared to the placebo group (38.2±32.7 nmol/L vs. 4.6±14.8 nmol/L; P<0.001) and serum iPTH concentrations were decreased by vitamin D3 supplementation (-0.26±0.57 pmol/L vs. 0.27±0.56 pmol/L; P<0.001). Supplementation with vitamin D3 caused a statistically significant decrease in body fat mass in the vitamin D group compared to the placebo group (-2.7±2.1 kg vs. -0.47±2.1 kg; P<0.001). However, body weight and waist circumference did not change significantly in both groups. A significant reverse correlation between changes in serum 25(OH) D concentrations and body fat mass was observed (r = -0.319, P = 0.005).ConclusionAmong healthy overweight and obese women, increasing 25(OH) D concentrations by vitamin D3 supplementation led to body fat mass reduction.This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01344161.
Highlights
Vitamin D concentrations are linked to body composition indices, body fat mass
Serum iPTH concentrations decreased in the vitamin D group, these concentrations increased in the placebo group (-0.26 ± 0.5 pmol/L vs. 0.27 ± 0.5 pmol/L; P
Body fat mass decreased in the vitamin D and placebo groups (-2.7 ± 2 kg and -0.4 ± 2 kg; P
Summary
Vitamin D concentrations are linked to body composition indices, body fat mass. Obesity is a chronic condition of nutrients accumulation [1,2] in which excess energy aggregates in the form of fat mass [3]. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are low in obese adults [7,8] and linked to components of body composition, body fat mass [9,10]. It was thought that vitamin D deficiency caused obesity, and is proposed that hypothalamus diagnoses low calcidiol concentrations in circulation and induces higher body set point by increase in appetite and decrease in energy consumption via stimulating Agouti Related Protein/Neuropeptide Y (AgRP/NPY) and suppressing pro-Opiomelanocortin/Cocaine- AmphetamineRegulated Transcription (POMC/CART) pathway [15,16]. Wortsman et al confirmed insufficiency of vitamin D in the obese people indicating that they need to higher doses of vitamin D [17]
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