A - 108 Understanding Cognitive Deficits in Hashimoto's Encephalopathy.

Abstract

The systematic review aims to explore areas of cognitive impairment in patients diagnosed with Hashimoto's Encephalopathy (HE). A systematic review of current HE literature was conducted from 2013 to 2023. We conducted a bibliographical search of peer-reviewed articles through PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords Hashimoto, encephalopathy, and cognitive deficit. The review also included articles designated as "case reports" or "case studies" published in English and within the same time frame noted above. From the initial search results, 100 articles were extracted for initial review. Following this search, 9 articles were retained. The excluded articles were not in English and did not have HE as the main diagnostic criteria. The literature highlighted classic clinical manifestations, including acute to subacute onset of cognitive confusion with alteration of consciousness. Cognitive deficits and generalized seizures were the most common manifestations in diagnosis. While HE is a rare clinical condition presenting in patient populations between their 50s and 60s, it should be considered in any patient presenting acute or subacute encephalopathy of unknown etiology or in patients with diffuse cognitive decline with an intermittent or progressive course. While the medical condition can be treated with immunosuppressive therapy, around 2-5% of patients may not respond to medical treatment. The treatment of the neurocognitive presentation in HE patients has yet to be evaluated. Limitations of the present review include scarce empirical literature in this area of study and small sample sizes of some of the available studies.