Abstract
AimsTo determine whether changing patterns of anticoagulant use in atrial fibrillation (AF) have impacted on stroke rates in England.Methods and resultsEnglish national databases, 2006–2016, were interrogated to assess stroke admissions and oral anticoagulant use. The number of patients with known AF increased linearly from 692 054 to 983 254 (prevalence 1.29% vs. 1.71%). Hospital episodes of AF-related stroke/100 000 AF patients increased from 80/week in 2006 to 98/week in 2011 and declined to 86/week in 2016 (2006–2011 difference 18.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 17.9–18.1, 2011–2016 difference −12.0, 95% CI −12.1 to −11.9). Anticoagulant use amongst patients with CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2 increased from 48.0% to 78.6% and anti-platelet use declined from 42.9% to 16.1%; the greatest rate of change occurred in the second 5 year period (for anticoagulants 2006–2011 difference 4.8%, 95% CI 4.5–5.1%, 2011–2016 difference 25.8%, 95% CI 25.5–26.1%). After adjustment for AF prevalence, a 1% increase in anticoagulant use was associated with a 0.8% decrease in the weekly rate of AF-related stroke (incidence rate ratio 0.992, 95% CI 0.989–0.994). Had the use of anticoagulants remained at 2009 levels, 4068 (95% CI 4046–4089) more strokes would have been predicted in 2015/2016.ConclusionBetween 2006 and 2016, AF prevalence and anticoagulant use in England increased. From 2011, hospitalized AF-related stroke rates declined and were significantly associated with increased anticoagulant uptake.
Highlights
Stroke is a major cause of deaths due to cardiovascular disease
Strokes due to atrial fibrillation (AF) are of particular significance as they are preventable with anticoagulation.[3]
Temporal trends in co-morbidities of AF-related stroke are described in more detail in Supplementary material online, Table S1
Summary
Stroke is a major cause of deaths due to cardiovascular disease. For strokes with an established aetiology, the substantial majority (87%) are known to be ischaemic.[1]. Recent international guidelines have lowered the threshold for the use of oral anticoagulants and encouraged their use in preference to anti-platelet drugs.[4,5,6] Whether any resultant changes in prescribing practice have led to a reduction in AF-related stroke is unknown
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