Abstract
Upon infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, most people will develop no or mild symptoms. However, a small percentage of the population will become severely ill, and some will succumb to death. The clinical severity of COVID-19 has a close connection to the dysregulation of the patient’s immune functions. We previously developed a simple, nanoparticle-enabled blood test that can determine the humoral immune status in animals. In this study, we applied this new test to analyze the immune function in relation to disease severity in COVID-19 patients. From the testing of 153 COVID-19 patient samples and 142 negative controls, we detected a drastic decrease of humoral immunity in COVID-19 patients who developed moderate to severe symptoms, but not in patients with no or mild symptoms. The new test may be potentially used to monitor the immunity change and predict the clinical risk of patients with COVID-19.
Highlights
Upon infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, most people will develop no or mild symptoms
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a viral infectious disease that is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus infection, has become a global pandemic following an initial outbreak in the People’s Republic of China at the end of 2019 and beginning of 2020
While type 1 immunity is dominated with cell-mediated immune responses and type 2 immunity leads primarily to antibody-mediated immune responses, both types are inter-connected through the humoral immune system, the immunoglobin G (IgG) subclasses
Summary
Upon infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, most people will develop no or mild symptoms. In a blood plasma or serum sample, different IgG subclasses will compete to interact with the AuNP probe, and the measured color change of the assay solution is a quantitative indication of the relative balance of type 1 and type 2 immunity.
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