Abstract

Particle ropes, regions in the flow with extremely high particle concentrations, are formed at elbows in coal pipes in pulverized coal boilers. This paper describes a study of the formation of ropes and of rope breakup and dispersion downstream of the elbow exit. The results show a strong influence of elbow radius on the rope formation process and rope dispersion. Average conveying velocity and air-to-fuel ratio also play a role in controlling rope strength at the elbow exit and rate of dispersion downstream of the elbow. The experiments and computer simulations both show a single elbow forms a stationary rope which is symmetrically positioned in the pipe at the outer wall. Ropes produced by two or more closely spaced elbows form a stationary rope which spirals around the pipe perimeter. Measurements with isokinetic extraction instruments have large negative bias errors resulting form the presence of strong ropes. This error decreases with distance from the elbow exit as the rope disintegrates and disperses.

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