Abstract
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 have given rise to a wave of technology development that anticipates meeting clean air challenges. Indeed, in the first half of this decade, the US witnessed the retrofit of low NOx burners on coal, oil, and gas-fired boilers. Additionally, there were new developments in air staging technologies, gas reburn demonstrations under the Clean Coal Technology Program, in-field applications of SNCR retrofit on various types of utility boilers, and even a retrofit application of SCR on a cyclone coal-fired boiler. Industry observers predict large costs will be borne by major sources to meet the air quality goals in some Phase 2 provisions of the Act. In preparation for life beyond Phase 1, field development is now being focused on effective combinations of NOx controls. Potentially, two or more available means of NOx control can be compatibly combined to reduce NOx wherein the end result is more cost effective than the sum of its parts. Hybrid combinations of SNCR and SCR are a particularly flexible method for effecting moderate to deep reductions of NOx at cost ranges typically below those of a fully-engineered SCR retrofit. The purpose of this paper is to discuss redundant utilizationmore » observed in recent field work, and ramifications of increased utilization on lifestyle costs of NOx reduction borne by owners and operators.« less
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