96-hour continuous infusion of cis-platinum, 5-fluorouracil and bleomycin in recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, unexpected anemia

Abstract

Cis-platinum, 5-fluorouracil and bleomycin are active agents in head and neck SCC. When given by continuous infusion (C.I.) lower toxicity and increased activity have been reported. A 4-day trial of triple C.I. including these reagents was conducted for recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck SCC. Cis-platinum 25 mg/m 2/ day, 5-FU 650 mg/m 2/ day and bleomycin 10 mg/m 2/ day were given for 4 days every 4 weeks. Twenty-nine patients were entered, 27 were evaluable for toxicity and 3 for response. The response rate was 30% (one CR and seven PR). Patient compliance was poor (one central and one peripheral i.v. line) and toxicity was acceptable except for the unexpected anemia; 48% of patients required red cell transfusion. One patient died of bleomycin-induced lung toxicity and minor renal toxicity related to parenteral hydration was observed in the first 16 patients. In conclusion, this combination is moderately active in recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck SCC. Patient compliance was poor and cumulative anemia was an unexpected toxic event. Further trials with this triple C.I. chemotherapy are not recommended for the alcoholic, undernourished, very advanced cancer patient population.