95 Multi-Specie cover crop bale grazing effect after annual forage grazing on yearling steer grazing and feedlot performance, muscling, carcass measurements and carcass value

Abstract

Abstract Yearling crossbred steers (n = 144) were randomly assigned to native range (NR) or annual forage (ANN>: native range plus field pea-barley, corn, 13-species cover crop) to evaluate grazing season extension by feeding (“Grazing”) cover crop bales (field pea, forage barley, clover, sorghum sudan 12.8% CP, 54.4% NDF, 31.4% ADF, 59.0% TDN) before feedlot entry to measure the effect on steer grazing and subsequent feedlot performance and economics. Grazing was extended 43.6 days (177.9 to 221.5 days). ANN plus bale grazing ADG was 0.95 kg/day; NR was 0.77 kg/day (P = 0.01). Ending ANN grazing gain was 43.0 kg heavier (P = 0.001). Grazing muscling was measured using ultrasound. The ratio for REA:45.4 kg live weight did not differ (P = 0.53). End grazing ANN steer REA (P = 0.002) and percent intramuscular fat (IMF) were greater (P = 0.05) than NR steers. End grazing marbling score did not differ (489.0 vs. 470.0). In the feedlot, steers were fed 95.7 days. The ANN steer feedlot arrival weight was heavier (P = 0.04), but ending weight did not differ between ANN and NR treatments (717.6 vs. 684.0 kg; P = 0.19). ANN steer hot carcass weight (HCW) was 25.6 kg heavier (P = 0.03). The NR steer dressing percent was greater (P = 0.01) and muscling (REA:HCW) was greater for the NR steers (P = 0.007), resulting in improved USDA yield grade (P = 0.01). Quality grade did not differ (98.6% Choice or better; P = 1.00). ANN steer HCW resulted in $92.26 more per carcass (P = 0.031) than NR. Grazing medium forage quality cover crop bales is an effective method for increasing gain and live animal muscle and intramuscular fat quality before feedlot entry, and ANN steer weight advantage entering the feedlot carried over to greater ending HCW and subsequently, greater carcass value.