Abstract
This chapter discusses different aspects of elementary thermometry. The different types of thermometers include: (1) liquid-in-glass thermometer, (2) constant-pressure gas thermometer, (3) constant-volume gas thermometer, (4) platinum-resistance thermometer, and (5) thermoelectric thermometers. Mercury is particularly suitable to construct a liquid-in-glass thermometer and to devise a scale of temperature. To mark off a scale of temperature on the instrument, the level of the mercury is marked when the bulb is placed in melting ice. This is a fixed temperature called the lower fixed point. The chapter also highlights experiments that conclude that two scales of temperature will not agree except at the fixed points unless the property upon which one is based varies uniformly with temperature as defined using the other property. Mercury is considered a suitable thermometric liquid because: (1) it does not wet glass and so mercury is not left behind on the glass as the temperature falls, (2) it is liquid over a wide range of temperature, and (3) it requires no coloring matter to render it visible. For the purpose of defining a temperature scale, it is required to use some property of a substance, or substances, the variation of which with temperature is common to many substances so that the same scale is defined whichever substance is used in the thermometer.
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