Abstract

Introduction: Photoacoustic mammography (PAM) is a new modality where hemoglobin distribution is used to detect abnormalities such as cancers in breast tissue. We have previously published an initial clinical result of using a prototype machine for PAM on 27 breast tumor lesions including invasive breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ. Here, we report the analysis of hemoglobin saturation (SO2) level in normal vs. malignant region as well as histological evaluation of hypoxia by carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) expression and microvessel characteristics.

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