9275 The Interrelationship of Baseline Vitamin K and Vitamin D Status on Incident Fractures: Results from the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL)

Abstract

Abstract Disclosure: S.H. Chou: None. S.L. Booth: None. D. Ratnarajah: None. N. Cook: None. G. Kotler: None. X. Fu: None. J. Buring: None. J.E. Manson: None. M.S. LeBoff: None. Vitamin D and vitamin K have interdependent roles in bone metabolism. We recently reported that, in the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL), daily supplemental vitamin D (2000 IU/d) vs. placebo did not reduce fracture risk in 25,871 U.S. men (aged ≥50) and women (aged ≥55).[1] While vitamin D stimulates transcription and translation of osteocalcin (OC) and matrix Gla protein (MGP), vitamin K is needed to carboxylate and activate these proteins. Older adults tend to have low vitamin K intakes, and low vitamin K status may attenuate effects of vitamin D on bone. In this VITAL ancillary study, we tested in a case-cohort sample of 1,162 participants with fractures and an age-sex-matched subcohort size of 2,652, whether baseline low vitamin K status, alone or in combination with lower 25(OH) vitamin D level, predicts incident total, non-vertebral, and hip fractures. The mean (±SD) age of participants was 68.3±7.2 years, 61.5% were female, and 81.7% was Non-Hispanic White. Fractures were reported on annual questionnaires and adjudicated through medical record review. To assess vitamin K function, percent undercarboxylated OC (%ucOC) and dephosphorylated undercarboxylated MGP ([dp]ucMGP) were measured in fasting baseline blood samples, with %ucOC calculated from measures of ucOC and total OC. Higher levels of %ucOC and (dp)ucMGP indicate lower vitamin K status. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by LC-MS/MS and vitamin K biomarkers by sandwich ELISAs (IDS-iSYS Multi-Discipline Automated System). Participants with incident fracture had higher baseline vitamin K status, as assessed by (dp)ucMGP levels, but this was not corroborated by %ucOC. Compared to participants with low baseline vitamin K status and baseline 25(OH) vitamin D levels below the median (30.0 ng/mL), participants with higher baseline vitamin K and D status had a similar incidence of total and non-vertebral fractures. For the 91 hip fracture cases, baseline status of vitamin K and D did not predict hip fracture incidence. In this ancillary study, low vitamin K status by (dp)ucMGP and %ucOC, alone or in combination with baseline 25(OH) vitamin D levels below the median, was not associated with increased fracture incidence. Ongoing analyses are assessing whether phylloquinone levels as another vitamin K biomarker predict incident fracture risk. Furthermore, we have also previously shown that the effects of supplemental vitamin D on total and hip fractures were not modified by baseline vitamin K status in VITAL, the largest randomized controlled trial of supplemental vitamin D vs. placebo on fractures. From our findings in VITAL, higher vitamin K status does not protect against fractures. 1. LeBoff MS, et al. NEJM. 2022. Presentation: 6/1/2024