Abstract
•First Described: In the 1890s, in Argentina (Malbran and then Seeber).•Cause: Rhinosporidium seeberi (kingdom Protista, class Mesomycetozoea).•Affected Hosts: Dogs, humans, horses, rarely cats, and other domestic animals.•Geographic Distribution: Worldwide but especially in warm, wet environments such as the southeastern and southcentral United States.•Mode of Transmission: Unclear, possibly exposure to contaminated water sources in association with trauma.•Major Clinical Signs: Sneezing, epistaxis, mass protruding from nares.•Differential Diagnoses: Nasal neoplasia, cryptococcosis, sinonasal aspergillosis, nasal mites, foreign bodies.•Human Health Significance: Human infections by R. seeberi are likely acquired from the environment, and direct transmission from affected animals to humans has not been described.
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