Abstract
Hydrogen is an energy vector, involved in many energetic applications (fuel cells, direct use as fuel). Its traditional production relies on fossil fuels as sources and it represents a common process of the oil and gas industry. Innovative production processes may involve renewable sources (biohydrogen) to accomplish the sustainability requirements. The large availability of proper wastes (carbohydrates sources, lignocellulosic and wastewaters) makes biohydrogen more and more attractive. Membrane reactors play a key role in the hydrogen production from traditional fossil fuels, representing the outstanding innovation in steam reforming technology. In this chapter, we outline the main biological reactions leading to the waste disposal into biohydrogen, pointing out the involved enzymatic and cellular systems. The membrane reactors, compared with traditional technologies, allow production of high-purity hydrogen in compact systems with low environmental impact.
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