Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles are often used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to their unique magnetic properties at the cellular and molecular level. The nanoparticles are superparamagnetic under the magnetic field, but are not magnetized when the field is off. Recent developments in the synthesis technology allow us to control with great precision the size, structure, and morphology of the magnetic nanoparticles. Therefore, there is a very wide range of sizes from 5 to 500nm, with various dimensions comparable to the virus, protein, and gene at different nanoscales. Magnetic nanoparticles are not difficult to fabricate. With a coating layer of polymer or liposomes, the nanoparticles can act as a carrier for drug delivery and carry out various biological interactions with the cell. On the other hand, magnetic nanoparticles such as iron oxide could be used as radiosensitizers in radiotherapy, as the nanoparticles change the compositional atomic number of the tumor when added. Radiation dose and image contrast would be changed at the tumor with magnetic nanoparticle addition.
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