Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) water electrolysis, from basic principles to technological developments. After a general introduction on water electrolysis based on some general considerations, thermodynamics of the water-splitting reaction are analyzed in Section 9.2, highlighting the effects of operating temperature and pressure on electrolysis voltages. In Section 9.3, general principles of PEM water electrolysis are introduced. The structure of PEM water electrolyzers (from materials to membrane–electrode assemblies, PEM cells, stacks, and balance of plant) is described. Individual cell components are presented. Conventional and some alternative designs are also described. In Section 9.4, advantages and disadvantages of PEM water electrolysis technology are compared with those of other water electrolysis technologies. Finally, in the last section, the potential of PEM water electrolysis technology to reach higher performance (operating current density, efficiency, and operating pressure) is evaluated and some future development trends are discussed.
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