9 - Antimicrobial coatings for ‘self-sterilisation’

Abstract

In this chapter we analyse the different surfaces that have inherent antimicrobial properties as well as investigating the effectiveness of current methodologies. We show how simple surfaces that have functional properties can have a significant effect on the biofilms that form and the infection control consequences that thus exist. Hand touch surfaces and especially those surfaces that are near to the patients can act as harbours for bacteria and reservoirs of infection. Specially designed functional surfaces that either utilise metal ions or light-activated agents can control the bacterial colonisation by inherent and potent antimicrobial properties. This chapter is split into sections describing the different types of surface and antimicrobial agents with specific examples given for the need and use as well as the studies that have been performed. We make special example of the use of catheters in healthcare which is a significant problem where cleanliness is concerned and accounts for the major proportion of all hospital-acquired infection cases. Functional surfaces, while not a substitute for good hygiene, will play an increasingly important role in the cleanliness of healthcare environments.