Abstract
A unique climate experiment was carried out to study the composition of the air and the characteristics of the underlying surface in the Russian sector of the Arctic and Siberia. Synchronized research onboard the RV Akademik Mstislav Keldysh and the unique scientific facility (USF) flying laboratory Tu-134 Optik were carried out in the South Kara Sea. Validation of airborne and satellite algorithms for calculating the characteristics of the sea surface layer was carried out in the cruise. For the first time on the Arctic shelf, data were obtained on the concentration of methane in the natural system of troposphere–atmospheric surface layer–water column–bottom sediments. The fluxes of greenhouse gases were simultaneously estimated from the shelf area and adjacent land. A related research of the conditions and processes of recent and ancient sedimentation was carried out in the South Kara Sedimentary Basin, where huge hydrocarbon (HC) reserves are localized.
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