Abstract
This chapter focuses on Rhodosporidium genus and its member species. The colony color of this genus on solid media includes shades of yellow, orange, and red due to the presence of carotenoid pigments. Yeast and mycelial phases may occur in this genus. In the yeast phase, the cells are ovoid to elongate and reproduce by budding. Formation of the mycelial phase can result from sexual reproduction and may develop by two methods of self-sporulation. Sexual mechanisms, although not completely understood, are both homothallic and heterothallic. Heterothallism includes unifactorial biallelic and bifactorial systems. In these heterothallic systems, a dikaryotic mycelium results from the conjugation of a compatible mating pair. Homothallism, or self-fertility, consists of the development of hyphae with teliospores from a single yeast cell in the apparent absence of mating. The yeast phase is diploid and reduction division takes place with the formation of a dikaryotic mycelium with clamp connections. The member species of this genus include Rhodosporidium babjevae, Rhodosporidium dacryoideum, Rhodosporidium diobovatum, Rhodosporidium fluviale, Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae, and Rhodosporidium lusitaniae.
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