84 Circulating Vitamin D Levels and Frailty in the British Regional Heart Study: Cross Sectional and Prospective Associations

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Whether Vitamin D deficiency is linked to development of frailty, independent of other health conditions, is inconclusive. In the British Regional Heart Study we aimed to examine (1) cross sectional (CS) and prospective (PS) associations between Vitamin D levels and frailty; and (2) if these are mediated by conditions linked to low Vitamin D (diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and inflammatory markers C-reactive protein & Interleukin-6). Methods Baseline (2010-2012) Vitamin D in men (71-92y) was categorised as deficiency (<12 ng/ml), insufficiency (12 - < 20 ng/ml) and sufficiency (≥20 ng/ml) states. Frailty, assessed at baseline and follow up (2014) was classified as robust, pre-frail or frail (score 0, 1-2, or ≥3 out of 5 Fried Frailty components respectively). Multinomial regression determined CS & PS relative risk ratios (RRR) of being pre-frail or frail, relative to robust. Adjustments were made for age, BMI, season, smoking, drinking habits, social class, Vitamin D/calcium supplements, mental/physical health and potential mediators. Results At baseline, 20% of 1494 men were frail and 25% deficient in Vitamin D. Unadjusted RRR of being frail (vs robust) was 3.16 [95% CI 2.16, 4.62] in men with Vitamin D<12ng/ml (reference ≥20ng/ml). Higher RRR persisted even after adjusting for covariates and potential mediating factors, [2.74; 95% CI 1.60, 4.69]. Of 977 men non-frail at baseline, 10% became frail. Men with Vitamin D <12ng/ml (reference ≥20ng/ml) had higher unadjusted RRR of becoming pre-frail [1.47; 95% CI 1.04, 2.09] and frail [2.14 95% CI 1.29, 3.56] (vs robust). While the PS association with pre-frailty was completely attenuated with covariate adjustment, higher RRR for frailty remained even in the fully adjusted model [2.07 95% CI 1.07, 4.00]. Conclusions Vitamin D <12ng/ml was associated with prevalent & incident frailty in older British men, independent of disease/inflammatory states. Further research exploring Vit D therapy for improving frailty outcomes is needed. Reference 1. Parry SW. JAGS;2016;64(11):2368–2373.