8155 Isolated Hypothalamic-Pituitary Langerhans' Cell Histiocytosis in Adult Patients

Abstract

Abstract Disclosure: A. Vu: None. M. Aguilera: None. J. Shakil: None. R. Al-Ward: None. Introduction: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an infiltrative disease due to clonal proliferation of immature dendritic cells mainly affecting children and seen in adults in less than 30% of cases. It can present as localized or with systemic manifestations, with isolated hypothalamic-pituitary lesions being exceptionally rare. Our report adds to the limited published literature by presenting two cases of isolated hypothalamic-pituitary LCH diagnosed in adults. Furthermore, one of the cases reveals a rare association with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Case 1: 35-year-old woman with no past medical history presented with 4 year history of amenorrhea and weight gain and more recently, polyuria and polydipsia. Further investigations showed hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, central hypothyroidism, and mildly elevated prolactin. She couldn’t complete water deprivation test due to extreme thirst. A dedicated pituitary MRI showed marked infundibular enlargement, concerning for hypophysitis. An extensive workup including assessments for autoimmune etiology, sarcoidosis, infections, and low-grade tumors, did not identify a definitive etiology. A PET scan was obtained (to rule out LCH and Erdheim Chester disease), which showed increased uptake in the pituitary stalk. Due to otherwise negative workup, transsphenoidal biopsy of the pituitary lesion was done. Post-procedure, diabetes insipidus (DI) was diagnosed due to elevated sodium while fasting for the procedure. Tissue examination revealed increased histiocytes and lymphocytes, and a positive BRAF V600E mutation confirming LCH as the underlying diagnosis. Case 2: 26-year-old male with history of LCH limited to the skull, in remission for 8 years after chemotherapy, presented with 4-week history of polyuria, polydipsia and weight loss. A 24-hour urine collection resulted in 6.5L of urine. During water deprivation test, there was notable increase in serum sodium, serum osmolarity, and urine osmolarity. Initial pituitary MRI was normal, but subsequent imaging revealed the loss of the posterior pituitary bright spot. PET scan showed focal FDG avidity in the right lower thyroid lobe, confirmed on fine needle aspiration as PTC with BRAF mutation. He underwent total thyroidectomy and is currently receiving chemotherapy for LCH recurrence. Discussion: LCH is infrequent in adults, presenting with variable manifestations based on affected organs. In the multifocal form, the hypothalamic-pituitary axis is involved in 5-50% of cases. Our report describes two unique cases with only four other reported cases of isolated hypothalamic-pituitary axis LCH in adults. Central diabetes insipidus can be seen before the diagnosis or as the disease progresses. Pituitary biopsy, although invasive, should be considered when the diagnosis is not clear. The association of PTC with a BRAF mutation is extremely rare and has been reported. Presentation: 6/2/2024