Abstract
The impact of astrology on medical theories and practice in the Renaissance still remains to be fully explored. Besides the general influences of celestial bodies on sublunary and terrestrial beings, physicians were traditionally taught to take astrology into account in questions such as: conception or nativity; crises of health or illness, known as critical days; and medication. Giovanni Pico della Mirandola's criticism of judicial astrology and Marsilio Ficino's promotion of cosmic harmony led 16th century physicians to offer theoretical innovations for a new system which can be called medicine. Leoniceno's hostile attitude toward astrology and his naturalistic interpretation were without doubt closely related to Pico's criticism. Crucial element for the evolution of Renaissance astral medicine was presented by Girolamo Cardano of Milan. He is known for his reform of astrology through his commentary on Ptolemy's Tetrabiblos and related works on horoscopes. Keywords: celestial bodies; Giovanni Pico della Mirandola; Girolamo Cardano; medical theories; Renaissance astral medicine; Tetrabiblos
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