Abstract
basic norms and regulations regarding women's working and living conditions were adopted during the first years of Soviet power: equal right to work, prohibition of employment underground and in some other jobs, at night, and on overtime, a ban on carrying loads, paid pregnancy and maternity leave, and so on. They embodied the demands of the first Program of the Russian Social-Democratic Labor Party (August 1903). second Program of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (March 1919) set a new task: The Party does not restrict itself to formal equality for women; it seeks to rid them of the material burdens of the outdated household by replacing it with housing communes, public dining rooms, centralized laundries, day nurseries, etc.1
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