Abstract
This chapter explores the role of intelligence in strategy. It first explains what intelligence is and how strategists have talked about its utility before discussing the development of U.S. intelligence in its early efforts to support cold war strategies of containment and deterrence and in its more recent support to strategies for counterterrorism and counterinsurgency. It then examines the challenges and causes of ‘strategic surprise’, focusing on the historical cases of Pearl Harbor in 1941, the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, the Yom Kippur War in 1973, and the 11 September 2001 attacks. It also describes some of the new challenges faced by intelligence after a decade of war in Iraq and Afghanistan as well as in dealing with the new ‘big data’ problem.
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