Abstract
The differing roles of the geosphere in safety cases considering crystalline-basement and sedimentary-rock (clays, shales, marls) host formations for deep disposal of radioactive waste are discussed. These roles are then illustrated using the Swiss and Finnish programmes as examples. The analysis of relevant FEPs (features, events and processes) and scenarios provides the basis for the quantification of radionuclide transport. The key geosphere-related FEPs for Opalinus Clay in Switzerland and for crystalline rocks at Olkiluoto in Finland are compared and their effects on calculated radionuclide fluxes are evaluated. Finally, recent developments in host-rock characterisation are discussed, including in situ characterisation of matrix porosity and of the microstructure of the pore space and chemical characterisation of pore fluids.
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