8. Energy resources

Journal Article Output and Investment for Exponential Growth in Consumption — an alternative Formulation: and Derivation of their Technological Upper Limits Get access P. N. Mathur P. N. Mathur Poona Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 31, Issue 1, January 1964, Pages 73–76, https://doi.org/10.2307/2295938 Published: 01 January 1964

This paper deals with a dynamic Leontief model of exponential growth in consumption. Sufficient conditions of non-negativity of output are determined and it is proved that it is a necessary condition that the growth rate of consumption is less than the von Neumann growth rate. I. Introduction The dynamic, closed Leontief model has been analyzed intensively in the input-output literature. It is well known that, for certain initial values of output, the output of some sectors may become negative at later periods. This possibility of negative sectoral outputs is labeled causal indeterminacy and is a serious theoretical difficulty in the model. The concept of is useful in this connection. The von Neumann growth path, in which all sectoral outputs grow at the same rate, is relatively stable, if, for each sector, the ratio between the actual output and the output of the von Neumann growth path converges to a positive constant as time extends without limit, regardless of the initial value of output. The constant is identical for all sectors, but depends on the initial value of output. It is possible to define necessary and sufficient conditions of relative stability of the von Neumann growth path and if the model is relatively stable, then all sectoral outputs are non-negative during and after a certain future period. In this paper, some of these results are generalized to an open, dynamic Leontief model of exponential growth in consumption. It is assumed that the economy is closed and without a public sector, and that there are no technological innovations. An analysis is made which defines sufficient conditions of non-negativity. Moreover, it is proved that one of these conditions is also necessary. The homogeneous part of the solution is non-negative during and after a certain future period if:

Journal Article Output and Investment for Exponential Growth in Consumption—The General Solution and Some Comments Get access V. Mukerji V. Mukerji Poona Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 31, Issue 1, January 1964, Pages 77–82, https://doi.org/10.2307/2295939 Published: 01 January 1964

Wind power variation identification using ramping behavior analysis

Periodically, thinking men become worried about the pressure of demand on limited natural resources. Malthus was primarily concerned about food supplies for the world’s population, an anxiety that during the nineteenth century receded only to return in the twentieth — as witness the many publications of the Food and Agriculture Organisation. During the 1960s and the present decade, a new spectre has emerged — the prospect that the world’s supply of non-renewable minerals and fuels may be exhausted within the foreseeable future. Pessimists argue that the stock of these resources is finite and that exponential growth in consumption can lead to only one outcome, the complete depletion of the resources. Optimists opine that the supply of minerals and fuels yet to be discovered is vast, that technological improvements will permit leaner deposits to be worked, deposits in remote locations and/or at great depths (both on land and at sea) to be exploited, and that in any case the price mechanism will ensure substitution of materials, economy of use and recycling.

Glyphosate: How do ongoing controversies, market characteristics, and funding influence the global research landscape?

Journal Article Output and Investment for Exponential Growth in Consumption Get access Richard Stone, Richard Stone Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. A. C. Brown J. A. C. Brown Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 29, Issue 3, June 1962, Pages 241–245, https://doi.org/10.2307/2295960 Published: 01 June 1962

Full circle: Challenges and prospects for plastic waste management in Australia to achieve circular economy

Health care expenditure and economic growth: Quantile panel-type analysis

The paper explores the nexus between energy consumption (oil and electricity) and economic growth in the five SAARC countries over the period 1970-2006. Using cointegration and Error Correction Model (ECM), the paper finds a unidirectional short run and long run causality from oil consumption to economic growth in Bangladesh and Nepal, a unidirectional short run and long run causality from electricity consumption to economic growth in Pakistan and Sri Lanka, a unidirectional short run and long run causality from economic growth to oil consumption in India and Sri Lanka, and a unidirectional causality from economic growth to electricity consumption in India and Nepal. It also finds the bidirectional causality between electricity consumption and economic growth in Bangladesh and between oil consumption and economic growth in Pakistan. The paper at the end suggests that energy and environmental policies should recognize the differences in the energy consumption-growth nexus in order to maintain sustainable economic growth in the region.

Der Private Konsum ist die größte Komponente des Bruttoinlandsprodukts. Selbst in einer in hohem Ausmaß exportorientierten Volkswirtschaft wie Deutschland ist die gegenwärtige Konsumdynamik für die Mehrheit der Unternehmen wichtig oder sogar sehr wichtig. Mit dem Ziel einer besseren und frühzeitigen Bestandsaufnahme der aktuellen Konsumentwicklung werden künftig die von The Conference Board in Zusammenarbeit mit Nielsen im Rahmen des Global Consumer Confidence Survey erhobenen Werte für Deutschland gemeinsam mit dem Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft als TCB-IW-Verbrauchervertrauensindex für Deutschland veröffentlicht. Vor allem die internationale Vergleichbarkeit mit Industrieländern und Schwellenländern gibt einen zusätzlichen Nutzen gegenüber bestehenden Indikatoren. Auch wenn die Prognosequalität von Vertrauensindikatoren eingeschränkt ist, kann ein Index des Verbrauchervertrauens einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Lagebeurteilung liefern und durch die Mehrzahl an zugrunde liegenden Einzelfragen bei der Analyse der Konsumkonjunktur wertvoll sein. Am aktuellen Rand liegt das Verbrauchervertrauen in Deutschland gerade noch im oberen Drittel der 64 betrachteten Länder. Der mittelfristige Anstieg des Verbrauchervertrauens über die letzten Jahre korrespondiert mit dem kontinuierlichen Konsumwachstum und der aktuellen Stärke des Konsumgütersektors hierzulande. Im Jahresverlauf 2018 kam es hingegen zu einem Rückgang und im ersten Quartal 2019 zu einer Stabilisierung des Verbrauchervertrauens in Deutschland, was den Eindruck einer entschleunigten Konsumkonjunktur bestätigt.

A study of the impact of military expenditures on economic growth and development examines the differences in the results of previous studies which led to contradictory conclusions. The authors find that these differences are due to sample variations, specificational choices, and the different time periods examined. The data indicate that there is no consistent, statistically significant connection between military spending and economic growth. Augmentation of the models suggests that military expenditures neither help nor hurt economic growth to any significant extent. 2 tables.

The United Nations Millennium Declaration involved member nations in seeking to reduce extreme hunger and poverty measured against targets set for 2015. There may have been some success to date, 1 with the estimated total number of undernourished people falling by 17 per cent since 1990 -1992 (FAO 2013)). But there remained around one in eight people in the world who suffered from chronic hunger in 2011-2013. While the measured progress shows marked regional differences, sub-Saharan Africa remains the region with the highest prevalence of undernourishment. Progress has been slow in South Asia although the experience appears more positive in East and South-East Asia and Latin America.

The paper explores the nexus between transport infrastructure (road and rail), energy consumption (oil and electricity) and economic growth in India over the period 1970-2007. Using cointegration and Granger causality test, the paper finds a unidirectional causality from transport infrastructure to economic growth, a unidirectional causality from economic growth to energy consumption and a unidirectional causality from transport infrastructure to energy consumption. The paper at the end suggests that energy and transportation policies should recognize the transport- energy consumption- growth nexus in order to maintain sustainable economic growth in the country.

Environmental economic modeling of sustainable growth and consumption in a zero-emission society