8 Culture methods

Abstract

Growing catfish in ponds is profitable only when the proper combination of resources is available. Water temperature cannot be controlled in ponds, so profitable culture is possible only in regions that provide the proper temperature regime. Most strains of channel catfish grow fastest and convert feed to flesh most efficiently at water temperatures between 25 and 32°C (ca. 75 and 90°F). Potential growth decreases rapidly at temperatures below 20°C (68°F) and a\bove 35°C (95°F). There is no set rule regarding the best climate for catfish farming, and catfish are grown profitably in many regions that at first appear unsuitable. Although faster growth and greater fish production are possible in regions with more tropical climates, cool winters are required for large-scale propagation of channel catfish because changes in water temperature control the reproductive cycle. Pond culture of catfish requires land of the correct topography and soil type for economical construction and operation of ponds. Large, inexpensive tracts of suitable land are desired because there are significant economies of farm size in producing catfish. Good quality water must be readily available. Even if all the physical resources are available, catfish farming is unprofitable if there is no market for the fish and variable operating costs (primarily feed, fingerlings, and labor) are high. This chapter summarizes production strategies used to grow fingerling and food-sized channel catfish in ponds.