Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease with second leading cause of mortality all over the world. According to WHO, cancer-related deaths are projected to increase to ∼13.1 million by 2030. Although clinical management of cancer is achieved to some extent due to better understanding of tumor biology and advancement in current therapies including surgery, radiotherapy, and most importantly, in chemotherapy, all these therapies are associated with major side effects. Further, cancer is having a unique tumor-microenvironment with different types of sub-population of cells, including cancer stem cells and tumor-associated macrophages, which are responsible for tumor development, metastasis, and their recurrence. These cells are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy due to non-targetability and poor availability. Chitosan, an abundant natural polymer, in its nanoformulation as nanoparticles, has been extensively studied and employed for the delivery of anticancer drugs due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and tunable functional groups that can be modified with targeting agent specific to these cells. In this chapter, we provide the pharmaceutical advancement of chitosan nanoparticles toward delivery of anticancer drugs with their challenges and prospects.
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