8×8 S-boxes over Klein four-group and Galois field $ {GF}\left({2}^{4}\right) $: AES redesign

Abstract

<abstract> <p>This research paper is supplemented with a unique formation to design state-of-the-art S-boxes. The invented approach is simple but has the capability of creating confusion in our newly proposed algorithm. Our core planned work refined the method of already designed S-boxes to accomplish more compact ones. Various structures were merged here, namely affine transformation, fractional linear transformation, structure of Klein four-group, and the algebraic structures of the Galois fields, $ GF\left({2}^{4}\right) $ and $ GF\left({2}^{8}\right). $ These structures were utilized to synthesize newly $ 1600 $ robust S-boxes. Besides, we discussed encryption steps of AES with these newly generated S-boxes. We highlighted some specific characteristics, performance of parameter's improvement, and their utilization. Nonlinear properties were mainly set to inspect the behavior of I/O bits and could apply image encryption. Then, the performance of proposed S-boxes and newly structured AES was tested in comparison with other prevailing S-boxes.</p> </abstract>