Abstract
Radioactive isotopes (7Be, 210Pbatm and 137Cs) are used as indicators of processes associated with the transfer of matter from the atmosphere. Studying snow cover can provide information about the seasonal deposition flux of the isotopes to the Earth’s surface over the entire period of snow accumulation. The purpose of this study is to identify the features of 7Be, 210Pbatm and 137Cs deposition with the atmospheric precipitation in winter in the Arctic part of Western Siberia and to study the contribution of the particulate fractions of suspended matter in snow water to the total content of the radionuclides in samples of integrated seasonal snowfall. Snow samples were taken over a wide area along the highways around Novy Urengoy in April 2019. The suspended matter in snow samples was divided into three fractions. The isotopic composition was determined by high-resolution semiconductor gamma-spectrometry. The seasonal deposition flux of 7Be and 210Pbatm in the winter at the time of sampling averaged 58.7 and 25.2 Bq m−2 season−1, respectively. The average specific activity of 7Be and 210Pbatm in the snow water was 248.0 and 104.5 mBq L−1. The deposition flux of 137Cs from the atmosphere was low compared to 7Be and 210Pbatm and did not exceed 0.39 Bq m−2 season−1 at all sampling points. This indicates an insignificant modern flux of the radionuclide from the atmosphere. The separation of suspended matter in snow water by particulate fractions shows that the studied isotopes are present in all the extracted fractions: >3, 0.45–3 and <0.45 μm. The main part of 210Pbatm in all studied samples is in the coarse-grained fraction >3 μm. Most 7Be is contained in finely dispersed aerosols, colloids, or a dissolved component (where the fraction <0.45 μm). A significant increase in the contribution of coarse-grained fractions of suspended matter in snow water to the total activity of 7Be in snow precipitation was observed in territories with a higher anthropogenic impact.
Highlights
One of the main transport pathways of chemical elements in the environment is through the atmosphere
The purpose of this study is to identify the features of the 7 to 118.1 Bq m−2 season−1 (7 Be), 210 Pbatm and 137 Cs deposition as a part of the atmospheric precipitation in winter in the Arctic part of Western Siberia
The radionuclide seasonal deposition fluxes at each point were calculated based on the known data of the sampling area and the amount of snow water obtained by melting snow (Table 1)
Summary
One of the main transport pathways of chemical elements in the environment is through the atmosphere. Chemical elements transported by air enter the Earth’s surface as a part of dry dust-aerosol deposition, as well as in atmospheric precipitation (wet deposition). Often, radioactive isotopes such as 7 Be, 210 Pbatm and 137 Cs are used as indicators of processes associated with the transfer of matter from the atmosphere. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 825 the conditions and rates of formation of modern lake, river and sea sediments and in studying the transport of aerosol particles in the atmosphere and the rates of their precipitation on the Earth’s surface [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. In the study of the radionuclide composition of aerosol and dust particles, atmospheric deposition is a subject of many modern investigations [13,14,15,16,17,18,19]
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