Abstract
Introduction Venous and arterial thrombosis are rare diseases being increasingly diagnosed and recognised also in infancy and childhood. Due to the special properties of the haemostatic system during infancy and childhood, symptomatic thrombotic manifestation occurs in 0.07/10,000 children, 5.3/10,000 admissions of children, and 2.4/1000 admissions of newborns to intensive care units. Within the entire childhood population, possibly due to the lower concentrations of antithrombin, heparin cofactor II and protein C along with reduced fibrinolytic capacity neonates are at a greater risk of thromboembolic complications than older children. The incidence of vascular accidents decreases significantly after the first year of life, with a second peak during puberty and adolescence again associated with a reduced fibrinolytic activity (Fig. 1).
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