Abstract
The lack of reliable biomarker and tissue biopsy limitations in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients for early detection, therapy response monitoring, and prognosis are still important issues. Previous studies suggest that liquid biopsy from urine and blood may provide abundant cancer-derived materials, such as proteomics, circulating tumour cells (CTCs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA). Therefore, this study aims to evaluate urinary and blood liquid biopsies for predicting diagnosis, therapy response, and prognosis in RCC patients.
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