Abstract
The first juvenile court was established in Chicago in 1899. Juvenile courts were founded to prevent future recidivism and matriculation into the adult court system. Juvenile courts have become more “criminalized” over the last 30 years as state legislators have enacted new statutes to reduce juvenile crime. Currently, states can vary widely in the definition of the purpose for their juvenile courts with increasing states focused on punishment, deterrence, accountability, and/or public safety. Mental health courts are specialized courts formed to divert appropriate defendants into judicially supervised probation focused on the treatment of mental illness and prevention of future justice involvement. Mental health courts use a community-based multidisciplinary treatment approach to achieve these goals. This presentation will describe the history and purpose of juvenile courts in America to establish a context for understanding mental health courts in the juvenile court system.
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