#755 Endotrophin as an early marker of kidney outcomes in persons with type 2 diabetes: findings from the PROVALID study

Abstract

Abstract Background and Aims Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is driven by a set of pathophysiological processes, including fibrosis. Endotrophin (ETP), a pro-fibrotic fragment generated during collagen type VI formation, has previously been shown to be a biomarker of DKD progression. The aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time, circulating ETP as a risk marker for kidney outcomes in persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D) being taken care of at the primary level of healthcare. Method Levels of ETP were measured using the nordicPRO-C6TM ELISA in plasma at baseline from 3226 persons with T2D enrolled in the Prospective Cohort Study in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus for Validation of Biomarkers (PROVALID). Outcomes included a composite kidney endpoint defined as a sustained 40% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < an eGFR of 60 ml/min/173 m2, sustained 30% increase in albuminuria including a transition in albuminuria stage, or kidney failure with replacement therapy or kidney death. A decline in eGFR and an increase in albuminuria were considered sustained if they persisted over at least two consecutive measurements. Crude and adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to investigate the potential of ETP as a risk marker of the kidney endpoint. Levels of ETP were log-transformed before analysis. The Kaplan–Meier estimator was used to compare the risks of experiencing the kidney endpoint according to ETP levels split by the median in persons with baseline eGFR > 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 (n = 976). Results The cohort consisted of 57% males; median age was 64 (58-70) years, and mean eGFR was 79 ± 24 ml/min/1.73 m2. Median follow-up was 3.9 years. Higher levels of ETP were associated with a higher risk of developing the kidney endpoint, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.63 (p = 0.0012; n = 293/3226). After adjustment for the refined variables: age, diabetes duration, HbA1c, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, blood pressure, duration of hypertension, BMI, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and eGFR, the HR was 1.55 (p = 0.012). In persons with an eGFR > 90 ml/min/1.73 m2, higher ETP was also associated with an increased risk of developing the kidney endpoint (p = 0.03; n = 69/976). Conclusion Plasma ETP was an independent risk marker for kidney outcomes in persons with T2D with early kidney disease. Higher levels of plasma ETP were associated with a significantly increased risk of developing the kidney endpoint in persons with eGFR > 90 ml/min/1.73 m2. These findings demonstrate that biomarkers of fibrosis, such as ETP, may serve as early markers for kidney disease progression or kidney failure in persons with T2D and apparently normal kidney function.