Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a multi-system placental vascular disorder that adversely affects the mother and fetus. In developing countries, 10-20% of maternal mortality is directly related to PE. Low dose aspirin is recommended for PE prevention in high risk women. Calcium supplementation is recommended by the WHO in low intake areas. We conducted an intervention study to evaluate the preventive potential of a complete nutritional program (CNP) for pregnancies with risk factors for PE. A RCT multicenter trial that examined the influence of CNP on women with risk factors for PE, implemented from the 8th gestational week to delivery was conducted during April 2015 - October 2017. Forty-six pregnant women with risk factors for PE were divided to two groups; the intervention group (N=26) received 8 CNP sessions, nutritional supplementation of calcium and vitamin D, and dietary weight control counseling. The control group (N=20) received 5 follow up sessions with no nutritional counseling. The collected data included anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, 24h dietary recall, and neonatal outcomes There was no significant differenced in demographic data between groups at inclusion. For the intervention group calcium, vitamin D and iron consumption were significantly higher during pregnancy (P< 0.05) (Figure 1). Satisfaction from followup was significantly higher in the intervention group. No significant differences between the study groups were observed regarding blood pressure, newborn weight or delivery mode. Two cases of hypertension and one of PE were observed in the control group, compared to none in the intervention group, with no statistical significance due to small group size. Our intervention program showed feasibility, motivation and compliance of pregnant women with risk factors for PE to participate in a nutritional counseling intervention program aimed to improve nutritional status during pregnancy. Further research is needed to investigate the possible clinical influence of targeted nutritional counseling intervention programs on PE incidence and severity.
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