Abstract
The incidence of and mortality from lung cancer are decreasing in the United States after decades of public education and tobacco control policies, but rates are increasing elsewhere in the world due to tobacco use and other environmental exposures, especially in the developing world. Active cigarette smoking is by far the most common risk factor for lung carcinoma. Other risks include passive (secondhand) smoke inhalation, residential radon, occupational exposures, air pollution, infection, and genetic susceptibility. The burden of lung cancer falls disproportionately on minority populations and socioeconomically disadvantaged people within a particular region. Environmental exposures to lung carcinogens are increasing in low- and medium-income countries. Continued and expanded public health efforts to decrease harmful exposures, as well as improved risk profiling for screening, are needed to mitigate the individual and social impacts of lung cancer.
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