福建集体林权制度改革对生态公益林水源涵养能力变化的影响——基于723个村的实证研究

Abstract

水源涵养等生态功能是生态公益林的首要功能，维护生态安全是集体林权制度改革（简称"林改"）的重要目标。为了厘清福建林改对生态公益林水源涵养能力变化的影响，以促进生态公益林质量的精准提升。运用综合蓄水能力法测算分析了福建省5县（区）723个村林改前后生态公益林水源涵养能力变化，并运用多元线性回归模型探讨了林改对生态公益林水源涵养能力变化的关键影响因素。结果表明：（1）林改后生态公益林水源涵养量普遍增加，但单位面积水源涵养能力多数下降，少数提升。（2）产权归属通过经营管护行为对单位面积水源涵养能力产生显著影响，其中，国有权属存在正向影响，集体权属与私有权属存在负向影响。（3）面积、人工林占比、防护林占比、蓄积量变动和降雨量等因素，主要通过资源结构、经营条件和外部环境对单位面积水源涵养能力产生显著影响。据此提出，在提高生态公益林数量的同时要注重提升生态公益林质量，加大政府赎买，重点挖掘幼龄人工生态林生态潜力，做好天然林和防护林保护等政策建议。;Water conservation plays an important role in the ecological function of ecological public welfare forests. The water conservation capacity of ecological public welfare forests may be affected by the natural endowment of forests and forest management practices. One of the important goals of the collective forest rights system reform is to maintain ecological security. What changes have taken place in the water conservation capacity of ecological public welfare forests after the reform of the collective forest rights system? Does the reform have an impact on the change of water conservation capacity of ecological public welfare forests? In order to clarify these issues, this paper firstly analyzed the impacts of natural factors including forest land quality, forest species and precipitation, and social factors including the ownership of forest rights on the water conservation capacity of ecological public welfare forests from a theoretical perspective. Secondly, the comprehensive water storage capacity method was used to calculate and analyze the changes in the water conservation capacity of ecological public welfare forests before and after the collective forest rights system reform in 723 villages in 5 counties (districts) in Fujian Province. Finally, the multiple linear regression model was used to find out the key influencing factors of the reform of the collective forest rights system on the change of the ecological public welfare forest water conservation capacity. The results showed that: (1) after the reform of the collective forest rights system, the water conservation capacity of ecological public welfare forests generally increased in 5 counties (districts), but the water conservation capacity per unit area of ecological public welfare forests declined in 3 counties (districts) and increased in 2 counties (districts). (2) The ownership of ecological public welfare forests had a significant impact on the water conservation capacity per unit area through the management and protection of ecological public welfare forests. State-owned ownership had a positive effect on the water conservation capacity per unit area, and collective ownership and private ownership had a negative impact on the water conservation capacity per unit area. (3) Forest natural endowment factors such as area, proportion of planted forests, proportion of shelterbelts, changes in volume and rainfall, etc., had a significant impact on water conservation capacity per unit area mainly through forest resource structure, forest management conditions and forest external environment. Based on the above results, the following policy recommendations are proposed: (1) the management department of ecological public welfare forests cannot only focus on the increase of the quantity of ecological public welfare forests, but also pay attention to the quality improvement of ecological public welfare forests. (2) The government can appropriately increase the redemption of collective and privately owned ecological public welfare forests. (3) The operators of ecological public welfare forests can focus on tapping the potential of water conservation capacity of young artificial origin ecological public welfare forests, and protect the natural origin ecological public welfare forests and shelter forests.