717 SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION IN MALE MOUSE FROM DAY 0 TO 10 A DETAILED AND NOVEL MORPHOMETRIC DESCRIPTION

Abstract

You have accessJournal of UrologyPediatrics: Basic Research1 Apr 2012717 SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION IN MALE MOUSE FROM DAY 0 TO 10 A DETAILED AND NOVEL MORPHOMETRIC DESCRIPTION Bruce Schlomer, Max Ferretti, Esequiel Rodriguez, Gerald Cunha, and Laurence Baskin Bruce SchlomerBruce Schlomer San Francisco, CA More articles by this author , Max FerrettiMax Ferretti San Francisco, CA More articles by this author , Esequiel RodriguezEsequiel Rodriguez San Francisco, CA More articles by this author , Gerald CunhaGerald Cunha San Francisco, CA More articles by this author , and Laurence BaskinLaurence Baskin San Francisco, CA More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.02.802AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The external genitalia of mice at birth are profoundly undifferentiated and sexual differentiation continues after birth. The time period of sexual differentiation with the most dramatic changes in morphology is day 0 to 10. This period of sexual differentiation in mice corresponds to the embryologic time in humans where an abnormality in sexual differentiation is thought to lead to external genitalia abnormalities such as hypospadias. To study potential genetic and environmental causes of hypospadias in mice, accurate and detailed morphometric measurements and morphological descriptions of this period are needed. METHODS The external genitalia of male wild type CD-1 mice were serially sectioned transversely at 7 μm for histologic staining. Age groups of 0-1 day, 2-3 day, 4-5 day, and 10 day mice were included. Morphometric measurements on well aligned sections were obtained of the male urogenital mating protuberance (MUMP), foreskin, urethra, and other distal penile structures. Anatomical three-dimensional reconstructions (3DR) were created using the serial sections with the BioVis3D software. RESULTS The detailed morphometric measurements obtained are shown in Figure 1. The morphology of the distal penis changes dramatically between 0 and 10 days and is partly characterized by the development of paired extensions of the lateral and ventral erectile structures and a distal paired extension of the MUMP (Figure 2). The anatomical and relational measurements are presented in Table 1. Table 1. Morphometric measurements by age categories Morphometric measurement (μm) Day 0-1 (n=10) Day 2-3 (n=13) Day 4-5 (n=9) Day 10 (n=8) a) Distal extension of MUMP1 3.5(6.2)A 26.4(13.2)B 29.6(13.1)B 72.6(35.4)C b) Lateral erectile structure extension1 2.8(4.2)A 31.8(24.0)B 52.1(20.0)B 169.8(55.8)C c) Ventral erectile structure extension1 17.2(8.6)A 52.5(33.0)B 103.4(18.2)C 172.4(22.0)D d) MUMP tip to ventral erectile structure extension1 207.2(34.0)A 237.7(50.8)A 252.0(23.2)A 378.9(113.8)B e) MUMP tip to lateral erectile structure extension1 126.4(23.0)A 168.8(31.2)AB 194.4(30.9)B 250.7(53.2)C f) MUMP tip to penile urethra 256.2(47.8)A 303.7(49.4)AB 370.2(24.6)B 576.6(123.9)C g) MUMP tip to CCG 180.6(31.3)A 234.8(49.3)B 311.9(33.6)C 454.1(58.3)D h) CCG tip to glans penis without epithelial folds 180.6(55.1)A 209.5(85.5)AB 172.7(45.0)A 308.9(151.3)B i) MUMP tip to glans penis without epithelial folds 361.9(48.7)A 459.3(73.8)B 512.6(25.4)B 791.0(144.9)C MUMP tip to ventral foreskin fusion2 119.7(60.9)A -6.4(71.4)B -92.6(68.5)C -381.5(66.5)D Data presented in μm as mean (standard deviation). Abbreviations: CCG = corpus cavernosum glandis, MUMP = male urogenital mating protuberance. A-D Different superscripts within rows indicate a significant difference between age groups with analysis of variance test with Bonferroni correction (p<0.05). 1 Paired structures used 2 measurements per animal. 2 A negative value signifies ventral foreskin fusion occurs distal to tip of MUMP. CONCLUSIONS Dramatic changes in mouse penile morphology occur from day 0 to 10. We have described these changes using novel, accurate, and relevant morphometric measurements and 3DR. These measurements and morphologic descriptions will be critical in future studies on potential causes of hypospadias. © 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 187Issue 4SApril 2012Page: e294-e295 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Bruce Schlomer San Francisco, CA More articles by this author Max Ferretti San Francisco, CA More articles by this author Esequiel Rodriguez San Francisco, CA More articles by this author Gerald Cunha San Francisco, CA More articles by this author Laurence Baskin San Francisco, CA More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...