Abstract
ObjectiveTo report on a case of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) diagnosed as renal cell carcinoma (RCC) based on clinical and radiological findings. XGP is an uncommon form of chronic pyelonephritis. It is an inflammatory condition in which the renal parenchyma is invaded and replaced by granulomatous tissue containing lipid-laden macrophages, also known as xanthoma cells. The aetiology is not well understood; however, most patients have underlying chronic inflammatory conditions such as recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), obstructive uropathies or renal calculi. The presenting symptoms are not specific, and its radiological findings closely resemble other pathological entities. Thus, a preoperative diagnosis is often difficult.
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