Abstract
The majority of organic compounds are somewhat transparent in the ultraviolet and visible regions. In some cases, specific types of organic materials absorb ultraviolet (UV) and visible (Vis) radiation, giving useful information toward quantitative analysis or identification of compounds. When combined with physical data such as melting point, solubility, and boiling point, identification can be enhanced using ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy. When UV–Vis spectra are combined with infrared or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data, important structural features can be assessed. UV spectra at lowered temperatures can yield significant increases in structure because of lowered collisional and rotational energy. Large molecules at room temperature can exhibit fine structure in the ultraviolet due to their high rotational energy levels. Solvent interaction is another important characteristic of ultraviolet and visible spectra. The solvent selected needs to be “invisible” in the spectral region of interest as much as is possible. Solvents can have an effect on the position, intensity, and bandwidth of the various absorption bands for any UV–Vis absorbing solute.
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