Abstract
Substantial industrial development through various types of processes has produced huge amounts of solid waste. The solids generated from such processes comprise hazardous and nonhazardous industrial solid waste. The varied compositions and concentrations of hazardous industrial solid wastes have been creating serious environmental hazards. Such solid wastes have the potential to pollute water, air, and soil to a great extent. The present chapter describes the various processes available for the treatment of hazardous industrial solid waste, particularly heavy metals. The generation of typical hazardous industrial waste, such as tailings and gangues, red mud, phosphor-gypsum, and fly ash, has been discussed in detail for their potential environmental threat. Solid wastes contain traces of heavy metals, such as Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn, and Ni, in concentrations that may cause harm to plant and animal life. The chapter provides a detailed review related to various heavy metal removal methods. The different processes related to the separation of heavy metals before they contaminate the various types of water resources are also discussed.
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