Abstract
The advent of Christianity and its victory over paganism at the beginning of the fourth century were accompanied by a fundamental change in the position of Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire. The rift between Judaism and Christianity became evident almost from the beginning. According to the New Testament, Jesus Christ himself never mentioned a separation of his sect from Judaism. He considered himself a Jew, albeit with religious and social connotations. He claimed to be able to work miracles. He is also reported as having defined his mission as directed toward the Jews and not toward anyone else. He is said to have believed in the Jewish God without reservation. The main sects were the Pharisees, Sadducees and Essenes. Paul is the central figure in the New Testament, with the exception of Jesus in the Gospels.Keywords: Christianity; Jesus Christ; Jew; Judaism; New Testament; paganism; Roman Empire
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