Abstract
In the photorespiratory pathway, discovered in 1972 by the American scientist Edward Tolbert, the by-product 2-phosphoglycolate is recycled to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate. The term photorespiration indicates that it involves oxygen consumption occurring in the light, which is accompanied by the release of CO2.Whereas in mitochondrial respiration, the oxidation of substrates to CO2 serves the purpose of producing ATP, in the case of photorespiration ATP is consumed. This chapter gives an overview of the reactions of the photorespiratory pathway and their localization. Recycling of 2-phosphoglycolate begins with the hydrolytic release of phosphate by phosphoglycolate phosphatase present in the chloroplast stroma. The resultant glycolate leaves the chloroplasts by a specific translocator located in the inner envelope membrane and enters the peroxisomes via nonspecific pores in the peroxisomal boundary membrane, probably formed by a porin.
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