7 - Ceramic matrix composites for ballistic protection of vehicles and personnel

Abstract

Of growing interest to the US military is the use of lightweight ceramic composites that can offer improved ballistic protection to military personnel and tactical ground vehicles. New technology must be developed with minimum capital cost penalties and offer improved operational efficiency and tactical performance during military action. Conventional ceramics, such as alumina, boron carbide, silicon nitride, and silicon carbide, have been investigated for application in ballistic protection armor systems and are being used, selectively, due to their low weight and high mechanical properties. However, limitations such as multiple-hit capability have been recognized which necessitates developing newer and more advanced materials. This chapter proposes that the use of ceramic-whisker reinforced ceramic composites be considered for next-generation armor systems. Specifically discussed is a commercially available alumina-based composite (CRYSTALOY®) which is reinforced with single crystal silicon carbide whiskers. Currently used in applications such as metal removal cutting tools, metal extrusion dies, and other wear, corrosive and high temperature parts, it forms the technology basis to develop an improved armor system. Data are provided to support the premise that developing a ceramic–matrix composite having improved ballistic performance is feasible.