Abstract
Homicide is the second leading cause of death for teens in the United States. Individual alcohol and drug use are important influences on teens’ risk of homicide. Yet, risk created by others around adolescents, in their families and neighbourhoods is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine whether individual, family, or neighbourhood exposures to alcohol and other drugs each increase the risk of homicide. We conducted a population based case-control study including 162 homicide victims ages 13 to 20 years old and 176 matched controls living in Philadelphia over a 3 year period. Case data were collected from multiple sources: police, medical examiner and child death review team and others. Control data were collected using a random digit dial assessing alcohol and drug exposures. After adjusting, adolescents who were under the influence of an illegal substance at the time of the incident were 4.82 (p
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