6G Vision, IoT Technologies, Challenges and Emerging Technology Solutions—A Survey

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The fifth generation (5G) is yet to be implemented globally, researchers have been impelled to envision 6G to provide evolving services and applications with high-class execution. The sixth-generation network technology is expected to support huge number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices needed to sustain higher data rates applications. Compared to the IoT provisions deployed in 5G, 6G IoT uses high density diverse gadgets with huge bandwidth, robust architecture and smart algorithms built on artificial intelligence (AI). It will enable novel applications with the help of AI and big data technologies. The existing 6GHz band is at present packed by data traffic. The lower transmission band cannot withstand higher data traffic transmission. Communication technology based on the Millimeter Wave (mmWave) is capable of supporting higher data rate transmission but at the cost of consuming high power and high hardware cost, thus violating the low-cost design norm of IoT devices. In this paper, we aim to provide 6G vision of IoT, the Key technologies and challenges involved. Various approaches such as Radio over Fiber technologies, wireless beam modulation (WBM) technique for transmitting mmWave, Satellite communication system is anticipated to perform a major role in IoT and applications in 6G vision and green communication for super performance in terms of energy efficiency are addressed to meet the high requirements of a 6G IoT system. Techniques such as convergence of 6G IoT with RoF will provide benefits of both wireless and optical technology, generating more challenges and prospects in the future. A comprehensive survey of current developments in 5G and 6G and future trends is presented in this survey article.