Abstract
In 2030, 6G is going to bring remarkable revolution in communication technologies as it will enable Internet of Everything. Still many countries are working over 5G and B5G has yet to be developed, while some research groups have already initiated projects on 6G. 6G will provide high and sophisticated QoS e.g. virtual reality and holographic communication. At this stage, it is impossible to speculate every detail of 6G and which key technologies will mark 6G. The wide applications of ICT, such as IoT, AI, blockchain technology, XR (Extended Reality) and VR (Virtual Reality), has created the emergence of 6G technology. On the basis of 5G technique, 6G will put profound impact over ubiquitous connectivity, holographic connectivity, deep connectivity and intelligent connectivity. Notably, research fraternity should focus on challenges and issues of 6G. They need to explore various alternatives to meet desired parameters of 6G. Thus, there are many potential challenges to be envisioned. This review study outlines some future challenges and issues which can hamper deployment of 6G. We subsequently define key potential features of 6G to provide the state of the art of 6G technology for future research. We have provided a review of extant research on 6G. In this review, technology prospects, challenges, key areas and related issues are briefly discussed. In addition, we have provided technologies breakdown and framework of 6G. We have shed light over future directions, applications and practical considerations of 6G to help researchers for possible breakthroughs. Our aim is to aggregate the efforts and eliminate the technical uncertainties towards breakthrough innovations for 6G.
Highlights
The era of 5G is not fully developed, the limitations of 5G have created the demand for 6G networks
If we look at standardization methods of 5G technology, three aspects were investigated as, ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine type communications and enhanced mobile broadband
Network transmission performance is no longer only important parameter; blockchain technology, IoT and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have become important components. 6G network will keep penetrating into virtual society, human-perceived actions and ubiquitous spaces
Summary
The era of 5G is not fully developed, the limitations of 5G have created the demand for 6G networks. If we look at standardization methods of 5G technology, three aspects were investigated as, ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine type communications (mMTC) and enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) Such scenarios are not fully investigated for 6G networks, some pioneering works [4,5] forecast the idea to link everything via unlimited, reliable and instantaneous wireless resources. To bring this revolution to connect everything worldwide, 6G will require extreme communication techniques such as smart living based wireless brain-computer interactions [6], smart working based on seamless holographic projection [7] and smart design considering real-time digital twins [8]. Area traffic capacity (Mbps/m2) Channel bandwidth (GHz) Spectral efficiency (b/s/Hz) Energy Efficiency (Tb/J) User Data rate (Gbps) Peak data rate Receiver sensitivity Position precision Coverage Delay
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